Cartesiaanse coördinaten

$d{\bf l} = dx ~ \hat {\bf x} + dy ~ \hat {\bf y} + dz ~ \hat {\bf z}$ lijn-element

$d\tau = dxdydz$ volume-element

$\nabla t = {\partial t \over \partial x} \hat {\bf x} + {\partial t \over \partial y} \hat {\bf y} + {\partial t \over \partial z} \hat {\bf z}$ gradiënt

$\nabla \cdot {\bf v} = {\partial v_x \over \partial x} + {\partial v_y \over \partial y} + {\partial v_z \over \partial z}$ divergentie

$\nabla \times {\bf v} = \left( {\partial v_z \over \partial y} - {\partial v... ...l v_y \over \partial x} - {\partial v_x \over \partial y} \right) \hat {\bf z}$ rotatie

$\Delta t = \nabla^2 t = {\partial^2 t \over \partial x^2} + {\partial^2 t \over \partial y^2} +{\partial^2 t \over \partial z^2}$ Laplace operator