Astroparticle Physics 2023

Neutrino Programme

Programme Leader

Dorothea Samtleben, Paul de Jong (deputy)

Main points: scientific

ANTARES

  • Hints for TeV neutrino emission from the galactic ridge.
  • Search for correlations between high-energy gamma rays and neutrinos with the HAWC and ANTARES detectors.
  • Preparations for final analyses with the full ANTARES data sample

KM3NeT

  • Measurement of neutrino oscillations and limits on neutrino decay and non-standard neutrino interactions in KM3NeT/ORCA.
  • First searches for cosmic neutrino point sources with KM3NeT/ARCA.
  • Observation of cosmic ray shadow of Sun and Moon with KM3NeT/ORCA.

DUNE

  • Physics performance studies, e.g. on supernova neutrino detection, low-exposure long-baseline neutrino oscillation sensitivity, oscillation analysis systematics, and sensitivity to physics beyond the Standard Model.

Main points: technical

KM3NeT

  • Deployment of ORCA Detection Units (DUs) and growth of ORCA to data taking with 18 DUs by the end of 2023.
  • Deployment of ARCA DUs and growth of ARCA to data taking with 28 DUs by the end of 2023.
  • Further mass production of Digital Optical Modules and DUs.
  • Reconstruction and event classification software, general software, oscillation and cosmic neutrino analysis software frameworks.
  • Calibration, including dynamical position calibration of optical modules in the sea with acoustics.

DUNE

  • Further advances in the design of DUNE: evolution of near-detector design, and further development of the vertical-drift detector concept.
  • Construction of Near Detector Liquid Argon prototypes.
  • Completion of the ProtoDUNE 2 detectors at CERN.
  • Excavation of the DUNE Far Detector cavities 95% complete.

Grants

  • Infradev2: Towards full implementation of the KM3NeT research infrastructure (2023-2026)
  • Netherlands eScience Center grant: A database-integrated KM3NeT solution for automated processing (DIKSAP)  (2023-2025)
  • NWO computing grant: Computing for (Proto)DUNE 2 (2022-2024)
  • Horizon Europe Marie-Curie staff exchange program for DUNE: “SENSE” (2023-2026)
  • NWO program ‘The Hidden Universe of Weakly Interacting Particles’ (2019-2025)

Key positions in collaborations

KM3NeT

  • Physics and software manager: Aart Heijboer
  • Software/computing co-coordinator: Mieke Bouwhuis
  • Detection Unit integration coordinator: Daan van Eijk
  • Optical systems coordinator: Jan Willem Schmelling
  • Project control officer: Antonio D’Amico
  • Mechanics coordinator: Edward Berbee
  • Cosmic ray physics group convener: Ronald Bruijn
  • Calibration group co-convener: Dorothea Samtleben
  • EU Liaison officer: Maarten de Jong
  • System Engineer: Ernst-Jan Buis (TNO)

ANTARES

  • Point sources group co-convener: Dorothea Samtleben
  • Conference committee chair: Mieke Bouwhuis

Main papers in 2023

ANTARES

  • Hint for a TeV neutrino emission from the Galactic Ridge with ANTARES, Phys.Lett.B 841 (2023) 137951

KM3NeT

  • First observation of the cosmic ray shadow of the Moon and the Sun with KM3NeT/ORCA, EPJC 83 (2023) 344

DUNE

  • The DUNE Far Detector Vertical Drift Technology, Technical Design Report, arXiv:2312.03130 (2023)

Cosmic Rays (Pierre Auger Observatory & GRAND)

Programme Leader

Charles Timmermans

Main points: scientific

  • Auger Radio Detector Upgrade prototypes performance as expected; air showers seen in the new Radio Detector combined with the Surface Detector
  • A complete spectrum of cosmic rays from 0.1 EeV to beyond 100 EeV

Main points: technical

  • AugerPrime (excluding Radio) close to 100% installed
  • GRANDProto redistributed. 2 sites will be explored simultaneous, one in China and one in South America
  • Array Auger Radio electronics delivery of parts is slowing down installation

Awards, fellowships, grants, etc.

  • Prof. David Nitz received a Radboud Excellence Initiative (REI) professorship in 2022
  • Teresa Bister obtained an REI excellence fellowship, started 1/1/2023.
  • SURFsara Grid resource grant renewed

Key positions in collaborations

  • Auger radio group leader: Jörg Hörandel
  • GRAND technical coordinator: Charles Timmermans

Main papers in 2023

  • AugerPrime Surface Detector Electronics, JINST 18 (2023) P10016
  • Search for UHE Photons from Gravitational Wave Sources with the Pierre Auger Observatory, Astrophys. J. 952 (2023) 91
  • Constraining the sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays across and above the ankle with the spectrum and composition data measured at the Pierre Auger Observatory, JCAP 05 (2023) 024
  • Search for photons above 10^19 eV with the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory, JCAP 05 (2023) 021
  • Limits to gauge coupling in the dark sector set by the non-observation of instanton-induced decay of Super-Heavy Dark Matter in the Pierre Auger Observatory data, Phys. Rev. Lett. 130 (2023) 061001
  • Cosmological implications of photon-flux upper limits at ultra-high energies in scenarios of Planckian-interacting massive particles for dark matter, Phys. Rev. D 107 (2023) 042002
  • A Catalog of the Highest-Energy Cosmic Rays recorded during Phase I of Operation of the Pierre Auger Observatory, Astrophys. J. Suppl. S. 264 (2023) 50

Dark Matter

Programme Leader

Patrick Decowski

Main points: scientific

  • XENONnT has been taking data since May 2021 with 8.5 tons of liquid xenon. First WIMP results from the initial science run (SR0) with a 1.1 ton-year exposure were published in 2023, setting stringent limits on WIMP dark matter. 
  • We finished taking SR1 data, with about 100 days of live time, and after a detailed calibration campaign started a new science run (SR2). 
  • The XENONnT detector continues to operate well, with an electron lifetime of > 20 ms and a radon level of better than 1 𝝻Bq/kg.
  • The Nikhef-designed triggerless data-acquisition (DAQ) system continues to work very well. We published a collaboration paper in 2023 detailing the design of the full DAQ system. 
  • The XLZD consortium, with members from the two leading liquid xenon dark matter collaborations LZ and DARWIN/XENON, continued to consolidate. We published a joint physics White Paper and are currently finalizing a design book detailing the XLZD rare event observatory. 

Main points: technical

  • Many ongoing R&D activities in the Nikhef XAMS and VUV lab setups. The upgraded XAMS TPC was commissioned. New Hamamatsu multi-anode R12699 PMTs are being tested. 

Key positions in collaborations

  • XENON Editorial Board: Patrick Decowski
  • XENONnT Technical Coordinator: Auke-Pieter Colijn
  • DARWIN Executive Board: Patrick Decowski
  • DARWIN and XLZD Simulations and Sensitivity Studies WG Leader: Tina Pollmann
  • XLZD Steering Committee: Patrick Decowski

Main paper in 2023

“First Dark Matter Search with Nuclear Recoils from the XENONnT Experiment”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 131, 041003; arXiv:2303.14729.

Gravitational Waves

Programme leaders

Stefan Hild

Chris Van Den Broeck, Andreas Freise (deputies)

Main points: scientific

  • Nikhef became third member of the European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), next to INFN and CNRS
  • Final O3 analyses published
  • National Growth funds approved (42+870 MEuro for ET), LISA roadmap proposal approved, ENW-XL@Utrecht for nuclear matter, next Virgo consortium approved (NWO infrastructure)
  • O4 run starting in 2023. Run extended from 12 to 18 months on request of astronomy community.

Main points: technical

  • Advanced Virgo + (Phase 1 completed): Strong hardware contribution from Nikhef, i.e. filter cavity for frequency dependent squeezing.
  • ETpathfinder came really to life!

Key positions in the collaboration

  • Matteo Tacca: Virgo commissioning coordinator 2020-2022.
  • Alessandro Bertolini: AdV+ project, Filter Cavity subsystem manager since 2018.
  • Bas Swinkels: AdV+ project, Electronics, Software and Controls system manager until 2022.
  • Sebastian Steinlechner: AdV+ project, Optical System Design subsystem manager since 2020.
  • Henk-Jan Bulten: AdV+ project, SBE subsystem manager since 2020.
  • Jessica Steinlechner: co-chair of the Optics working group of the LIGO Scientific collaboration.
  • Peter Pang (PhD student): coordinator of parameterized tests of GR for the dynamics of binary black hole mergers.
  • Andreas Freise: Einstein Telescope directorate since 2022
  • Andreas Freise: LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Council member since 2011
  • Andreas Freise: Chair of Virgo Scattered Light working group 2020-2023
  • Andreas Freise: Member of the STFC Oversight Committee for CTA
  • Andreas Freise: Einstein Telescope Instrumentation Science Board co-chair 2019-2022.
  • Andreas Freise: Representative for the Netherlands on the Project Supervisory Board for Advanced Virgo Plus 2020-2022
  • Andreas Freise: Working group lead for Interferometer Simulations (IFOsim) in the LIGO Scientific Collaboration
  • Andreas Freise: Member of the Einstein Telescope Steering Committee, 2018-2022
  • Stefan Hild: Einstein Telescope Instrumentation Science Board co-chair, since 2022.
  • Stefan Hild: Project leader of ETpathfinder
  • Stefan Hild: Project leader of ET Technologies consortium
  • Stefan Danilishin: Einstein Telescope Instrumentation Science Board co-chair of interferometer division, since 2022.
  • Chris Van Den Broeck: Einstein Telescope Observational Science Board co-chair for Division 1 (Fundamental Physics) and Division 10 (Data Analysis Platform) since 2021.

Main papers in 2023

  • Constraints on the Cosmic Expansion History from GWTC-3
    Astrophys. J. 949 (2023) 76
  • Frequency-Dependent Squeezed Vacuum Source for the Advanced Virgo Gravitational-Wave Detector
    Phys. Rev. Lett. 131 (2023) 041403r
  • Science with the Einstein Telescope: a comparison of different designs
    J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 07 (2023) 068